Over 50
researchers and representatives of entities with
responsibilities for combating terrorism attended a
conference on the future of combating terrorism on
May 30-June 1 in Oklahoma City. This conference was
co-sponsored by the Oklahoma City National Memorial
Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism and the
National Domestic Preparedness Office. The objective
was to engage in a meaningful dialogue between
representatives of the user community, the research
and development community and the training
community. Although the conference was short in duration,
it did achieve that goal and set the stage for
subsequent discussion, coordination, and follow-up
actions.
Part of the first day of the conference was devoted to
presentations by representatives of terrorism
committees of the International Association of
Chiefs of Police, The National Emergency
Management Association, the National Sheriffs
Association, the National Association of Fire
Chiefs, and representatives of the professional
public health community. These presentations
helped to provide to conference participants a
basic understanding of the requirements of state
and local responders. The presentations clearly
validated the importance of such issues as the
Incident Command System; better coordination;
safe and operationally effective protective gear
for chemical and biological attacks, as well as
state-of-the-art body armor; and more
sensitive and effective sensor, monitoring, and
surveillance systems. Repeatedly, the need for
well planned, well managed, realistic training,
which brings together response entities for all
levels local, state and federal in
a realistic training scenario, and a sustainment
training program to ensure that, once skills are
developed, they do not atrophy, were listed as
key training challenges. The importance of
standards that are accepted across local, state
and federal jurisdictional lines, was also
highlighted. This was an unprecedented gathering
of these five key associations, and the
opportunity to hear them discuss their programs
and some of the challenges they face was
invaluable.
The remainder of the first day was devoted to
presentations by federally funded research
institutes and federal agencies that are working
on solutions for some of the challenges facing
these responders. Organizations that gave
presentations included the Oklahoma City National
Memorial Institute for the Prevention of
Terrorism (MIPT), the Institute for Security
Technology Studies at Dartmouth College, the
Technical Support Working Group; the Department
of Agriculture; the Department of Energy; the
Department of Defense; the Department of
Justice's National Institute of Justice and its
Office of State and Local Domestic Preparedness
Support; and the U. S. Army Soldier Biological
and Chemical Command. These presentations
described the role and highlighted the key
current programs of each organization, and
explained how response entities could communicate
with and leverage some of the programs being
developed by the different agencies. Clearly, a
need for one stop shopping and a
clearing house for information, emerged from this
conference. MIPT is prepared to take on this
challenge and will use its web page to publish
information on combating terrorism, as well as a
description of the different agencies and direct
links to their web page. Responders and other
users will have the option of viewing a menu of
the different federal institutes and agencies
that are working solutions and enter their web
page through links on the MIPT web page
(
http://www.mipt.org).
MIPT expects to have its web page configured by 1
July 2000 for that purpose.
Other specific topics discussed during the first
day included: emerging technologies, training
programs available, the role of the military in
providing support to civilian authorities, and
the importance of protecting our food and water
supply in the United States. Each of these topics
highlighted not only what was available but the
challenges ahead. A more complete wrap up of
these presentations will be available in the
final report.
MIPT is dedicated to becoming a living memorial
to those who were killed, those who
survived and those changed forever by the
events of 19 April 1995. A visit to the Oklahoma
City Memorial on the evening of the first day
underscored the importance of both that mission
and this conference.
During the second day participants were broken
into discussion groups that dealt with the
specific issues associated with research and
development, training and preparedness, and
public health. This group breakout allowed for
greater participation by all attendees, and
resulted in some common themes in their report
out to the larger group. These themes
include:
-
The requirement for
acceptable standards for planning, training,
equipping, communicating, and other aspects of
combating terrorism that cut across local,
state, and federal lines.
-
A better system for
testing and evaluating equipment currently
available or under development.
-
The importance of
compatibility, particularly in the ICS and
communications areas.
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The importance of
focusing more on protecting our agriculture
because of its criticality to our nation.
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A general concern about
the lack of emphasis on the potential and
continued use of conventional explosives by
terrorists.
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The specific need for
the development of sensors that detect
conventional explosives similar to the bomb
used in Oklahoma City on 19 April 1995, and
how buildings can be better constructed to
mitigate the damage associated with
explosives.
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While conventional
domestic terrorist attacks remain the most
probable threat, there was general agreement
that the nation cannot afford to disregard the
potential use of weapons of mass destruction,
especially chemical and biological devices.
The challenges are so daunting and potential
destruction is so great that, although this
threat may be less likely, agencies at all
levels must continue and possibly accelerate
efforts to address this threat.
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An acknowledgement that
deterrence and prevention of terrorism remain
the primary goals; and to do so we need to
conform our efforts to a better understanding
of the motives of terrorists, either to stamp
out the seeds of terrorism before they grow,
or to detect and interdict would-be terrorists
before they strike.
-
A requirement for
further research, analysis, discussion, and
coordination on a number of issues related to
the legal framework for deterring, preventing,
and responding to terrorism, since such
efforts will often involve the application of
a number of local, state, national, and
perhaps even international laws.
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While there are
considerable efforts ongoing in the area of
combating terrorism all of them
important there appears to be a need to
better focus efforts among a diverse and
growing number of entities, in order to ensure
maximum return on investment.