Terrorism and Beyond: The 21st Century
The Oklahoma City National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism sponsored
a two-day conference titled Terrorism and Beyond: The 21st Century, April 17-19,
2000. The conference addressed terrorist threats, motivations, concerns, policies and
predictions for the 21st century. Held in conjunction with the dedication of the Oklahoma City
National Memorial, the conference included several well-known keynote speakers with a concluding
keynote address by Ambassador Prudence Bushnell, Ambassador to Guatemala and former Ambassador
to Kenya.
Text from the addresses follows:
Prudence Bushnell, U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Kenya during the East African embassy
bombings in August of 1998, discusses the "journey back from terror as a duty to the innocent
people who have died in terrorist attacks and as a salute to the courage of survivors."
Ambassador Bushnell describes Nairobi's American Embassy community, the truck bombing, the
chaos of the aftermath, and how the community has sought to recover from the incident. This
first-hand account helps to relate the tragedy for the victims and the bravery of the
survivors who must overcome the devastation of a terrorist act.
Sam Gonzales, who was Oklahoma City Chief of Police when the Murrah Building was bombed,
discusses the National Defense Preparedness Office (NDPO). His presentation includes
discussion of Weapons of Mass Destruction, preparedness, information sharing, health
and medical issues. He also indicates how first responders can subscribe to Law
Enforcement Online and The Beacon magazine, both of which are published by NDPO.
Dr. Bruce Hoffman, a Director at the RAND Corporation and a world-class scholar on terrorism,
offers a realistic assessment as to the current state of terrorism as a threat to national
security. His presentation draws on his impressive body of work, including his recent book,
Inside Terrorism. Topics in Dr. Hoffman's speech include: the new terrorism and its
putative implications; misunderstood lessons of Aum, policy implications for potential
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear terrorism; and policy questions on
counterterrorism we should be asking.
Brian Jenkins, one of the world's leading authorities on political violence and terrorism
and a senior advisor at the Rand Corporation, reflects on how the phenomenon of terrorism
has changed and evolved over the decades. His presentation discusses the state of the
terrorism discipline, predictions from past conferences on terrorism, and how terrorism
is perceived today. He also discusses how counterterrorism has succeeded and fallen short
in stemming the tide of terrorism, and how terrorism may look in the next twenty years.
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